背景
以前一直觉得只要pull和push就够了,但合作中总会遇到各种非理想的情况。这时候才发现git其他命令的作用。
现在的情况是,repo是一个远程team维护的,我们需要增加新feature,那么就是一个feature分支了。由于开发中各种修改,本feature分支多次commit。最后,交给远程team review的时候,人家看着乱七八糟的修改历史很蛋疼:很难看懂各种增量修改。其实,对人家来说,我们的改动应该就是增加或者删除。给他们看开发过程的增量反而太乱。于是,人家要求我们将feature分支的提交合并,这样看起来清爽。
一些简单的命令准备
合并分支的命令是rebase
,除此之外,其他的一些命令也应该知晓。
查看commit历史
git log
查看当前状态
git status
添加所有文件
git add .
提交修改
git commit -m "本次提交添加了xxxx"
vim的简单指令:
参阅
准备一个测试repo
git init test-rebasecd test-rebase
提交一个文件多次:
vim test.txt//输入第一次提交。 git add test.txtgit commit -m "1"vim test.txt//输入第2次提交。 git add test.txtgit commit -m "2"vim test.txt//输入第3次提交。 git add test.txtgit commit -m "3"
查看log:
git log//commit 0353373749d72e53a34c7bdda86d77d7bb3ca6feAuthor: ryanDate: Wed Jul 19 13:23:18 2017 +0800 3commit acf6d24adc2097fda82d29064e8edfef6355d01dAuthor: ryan Date: Wed Jul 19 13:20:37 2017 +0800 2commit 2169bc5e20386951b19aff32143e74f2da683df2Author: ryan Date: Wed Jul 19 13:19:42 2017 +0800 1
可以看到有三次提交了。现在我们想要把第2次和第3次提交的内容合并成一次提交。
开始rebase
1. 复制合并前的一次提交的hash
这里就是第一次提交的hash。即2169bc5e2
2. git rebase -i xxx
git rebase -i 2169bc5e2
进入历史提交的编辑页面,此时编辑方式为vim。
pick acf6d24 2pick 0353373 3# Rebase 2169bc5..0353373 onto 2169bc5 (2 commands)## Commands:# p, pick = use commit# r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message# e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending# s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit# f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message# x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell# d, drop = remove commit## These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.## If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.## However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.## Note that empty commits are commented out
可以看到第2次和第3次的提交消息,并且是从old->new来排序的。我们需要把第3次提交合并到第2次上。使用squash
.
squash
修改第三次提交为squash
,意思是和前一次(第二次)提交合并。
j
移动到第二行,然后按a
开始编辑,删除pick
,插入squash
如下: pick acf6d24 2squash 0353373 3# Rebase 2169bc5..0353373 onto 2169bc5 (2 commands)## Commands:# p, pick = use commit# r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message# e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending# s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit# f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message# x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell# d, drop = remove commit## These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.## If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.## However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.## Note that empty commits are commented out
然后,按esc
退出编辑,再按:
,输入wq
保存。
# This is a combination of 2 commits.这是合并后的message,以下是之前合并的历史# This is the 1st commit message:2# This is the commit message #2:3# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.## Date: Wed Jul 19 13:20:37 2017 +0800## interactive rebase in progress; onto 2169bc5# Last commands done (2 commands done):# pick acf6d24 2# squash 0353373 3# No commands remaining.# You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch 'master' on '2169bc5'.## Changes to be committed:
还是和刚才一样,按o
插入下一行,输入这次合并的message。然后按esc
,按:
, 输入wq
保存并退出。
完事,再次查看log
git log
内容如下:
commit 8f54e6b5643ff26ac967a9e6e6cded68a6c50906Author: ryanDate: Wed Jul 19 13:20:37 2017 +0800 这是合并后的message,以下是之前合并的历史 2 3commit 2169bc5e20386951b19aff32143e74f2da683df2Author: ryan Date: Wed Jul 19 13:19:42 2017 +0800 1
参考
https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2/Git-%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7-%E9%87%8D%E5%86%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2